Robert W. Malone (* 1959 or 1960) [1] is an American virologist, immunologist, and molecular biologist.
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Table of Contents
Life
Malone studied medicine at Northwestern University with an MD, was a postdoctoral fellow in clinical research at Harvard University, and received his residency in pathology from the University of California, Davis . [2] As a graduate student at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla was he, like protein expression in a foreign cell over by in fat globules (one of the main authors and driving force of a study described in the first liposomes are packaged) initiated DNA or RNA can, at that time still in the context of the hopes for gene therapy. This study is considered to be the first scientific publication on the basic principles of, for example, RNA vaccines that were successfully inoculated in the 2020/21 Covid-19 pandemic . [3] [4] Co-authors of the basic paper from 1989 were Philip Felgner and Inder Verma . [5]
In a follow-up study, which was originally intended only to control the transfer using liposomes, it was shown for the first time that ”naked” unprotected m-RNA, which was injected directly into the muscle cells of mice, can trigger protein expression in cells over a period of several days. [6] [4] The crucial patents, in which Philip Felgner, later head of the Center for Vaccine Development at the University of California, Irvine , was involved (see list of publications) remained with his employing company, which later sold them on. Philip Felgner, named in the patents with Malone, was then chief scientist at Vical, which Felgner had founded.
From the Salk Institute, Malone moved to another employer, but left after three months due to personal differences. [3] Soon after his departure, Malone changed the field of research and did not continue to work in this field of research. [3] He lives currently (2021) in Madison (Virginia) and heads his own consulting firm.
Criticism of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines
Dr. In an interview [7], Malone distances himself from using mRNA-based vaccination in the course of the COVID pandemic 2020–21. He claims to have informed the American FDA about the incalculable risks and side effects of these gene therapies and warned them about them from the start.
Publications
- RW Malone, PL Felgner, IM Verma: Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. 86, 1989, pp. 6077-6081
- JA Wolff, RW Malone, P. Williams, W. Chong, G. Acsadi, A. Jani, PL Felgner: Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo , Science, Volume 247, 1990, pp. 1465-1468
- VJ Dwarki, Robert W. Malone, Inder M. Verma: Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection , Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 217, 1993, pp. 644-654
- Stella Somiari, Jill Glasspool-Malone, Joseph J. Drabick, Richard A. Gilbert, Richard Heller, Mark J. Jaroszeski, Robert W. Malone: Theory and in vivo application of electroporative gene delivery , Molecular Therapy, Volume 2, 2000, p 178-187
Participation in US patents:
- PL Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, RW Malone, D A. Carson: Delivery of exogenous DNA sequences in a mammal , US Patent 5,580,859, 1996
- PL Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, RW Malone, D A. Carson: Induction of a protective immune response in a mammal by injecting a DNA sequence , US Patent 5,589,466, 1996
- PL Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, RW Malone, D A. Carson: Generation of antibodies through lipid mediated DNA delivery , US Patent 5,703,055, 1997
Early Patents priority dates from 1989
The first patents:
- Lipid-mediated polynucleotide administration to deliver a biologically active peptide and to induce a cellular immune response (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, R Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc and licensed to Merck. No. 7,250,404, date of issue: 7/31/07 Cited in 105 articles. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Lipid-mediated polynucleotide administration to reduce likelihood of subject’s becoming infected (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc and licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 6,867,195 B1. Date of issue: 3/15/05. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Generation of an immune response to a pathogen (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc and licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 6,710,035. Date of issue: 3/23/04. Citations: 39 articles. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Expression of exogenous polynucleotide sequences in a vertebrate, mammal, fish, bird or human (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc, licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 6,673,776. Date of issue: 1/6/04. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Methods of delivering a physiologically active polypeptide to a mammal (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc, licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 6,413,942. Date of issue: 7/2/02. (cited in 150 articles). Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Induction of a protective immune response in a mammal by injecting a DNA sequence (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 6,214,804, date of issue: 4/10/01. Cited in 360 articles. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Induction of a protective immune response in a mammal by injecting a DNA sequence (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc, licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,589,466. Date of issue: 12/31/96. Cited in 899 articles. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Delivery of exogenous DNA sequences in a mammal (includes mRNA). Assigned to Vical, Inc, licensed to Merck. P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,580,859. Date of issue: 12/3/96. Cited in 1244 articles. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
- Generation of antibodies through lipid mediated DNA delivery (includes mRNA). P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, Robert W Malone, D Carson. Assigned to Vical, Inc, licensed to Merck. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,703,055. Date of issue: 12/30/97. Cited in 419 articles. Priority Date: 3/21/1989.
Some papers and other patents on this subject area (1988-2000)
- A novel approach to study packaging of retroviral RNA by RNA transfection (Abstract). RW Malone, P. Felgner, I. Verma. RNA Tumor Viruses, May 17-18, 1988. Cold Spring Harbor (the first in a series of papers/abstracts on RNA transfection).
- mRNA Transfection of cultured eukaryotic cells and embryos using cationic liposomes. Malone RW. Focus. 1989; 11:61-8
- The SALK patent that was filed with the USPTO on 3/21/1989. Note that the cover letter hides this – and says it was filed on 3/29/89 – the sane date as all the VICAL patents, showing that there was collusion. WRITTEN BT ME IN 1988.
- THE VERY FIRST mRNA VACCINE EXPERIMENTAL DATA 1990 (from Vical to patent office)
- Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection. Malone RW, Felgner PL, Verma IM. Proc Natl Acad Sci (PNAS) U S A. 1989;86(16):6077-81. Cited in 749 articles.
- Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Wolff JA, Malone RW, et al. Science. 1990;247(4949 Pt 1):1465-8. Cited in 4,750 articles. Note that Robert was a student at Northwestern, and was never affiliated with University of Wisc.
- High levels of messenger RNA expression following cationic liposome mediated transfection tissue cultured cells. Malone R, Kumar R, Felgner P. NIH Conference: “Self-Cleaving RNA as an Anti-HIV Agent (abstract). Washington, DC June 1989.
- Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection. Dwarki VJ, Malone RW, Verma IM. Methods Enzymol. 1993;217:644-54. Cited in: 102 articles.
- Delivery of exogenous DNA (includes mRNA) sequences in a mammal P Felgner, JA Wolff, GH Rhodes, R Malone, D Carson. Biotechnology Advances 1993: 15 (3-4), 763-763
Patents and papers – from the 1990s
- DNA vaccines for eliciting a mucosal immune response (includes mRNA). US Pat. Ser. No. 6,110,898. Inventors: RW Malone and Jill Glasspool Malone. Date of issue: 8/29/00. Cited in 40 articles. Priority Date: 1996.
- Formulations and methods for generating active cytofectin: polynucleotide transfection complexes. Robert W Malone, et al. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,925,623 7/20/99.
- Cationic Transport Reagents. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,892,071 Robert W Malone, et. al. issued 4/06/99.
- Polyfunctional cationic cytofectins, formulations and methods for generating active cytofectin: polynucleotide transfection complexes. Robert W Malone, et. al. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,824,812 issued 10/20/98.
- Cationic Transport Reagents. Robert W Malone, et. al. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,744,625 issued 4/28/98.
- Cationic Transport Reagents. Robert W Malone, et. al. US Pat. Ser. No. 5,527,928, date of issue: 6/18/96.
- Marked enhancement of macaque respiratory tissue transfection by aurintricarboxylic acid. Glasspool-Malone J, …, Malone RW. Gene Med. 2002;4(3):323-2.
- Enhancing direct in vivo transfection with nuclease inhibitors and pulsed electrical fields. Glasspool-Malone J, Malone RW. In Gene Therapy Methods: Methods Enzymol. 2002;346:72-91
- Cutaneous transfection and immune responses to intradermal nucleic acid vaccination are significantly enhanced by in vivo electropermeabilization. Drabick JJ, Glasspool-Malone J, …, Malone RW. Mol Ther. 2001;3(2):249-55. Cited in 192 articles.
- Theory and in vivo application of electroporative gene delivery. Somiari S, Glasspool-Malone J, … Malone RW. Mol Ther. 2000;2(3):178-87. Cited in 345 articles.
- Efficient nonviral cutaneous transfection. Glasspool-Malone J, …, Malone RW. Mol Ther. 2000;2(2):140-6. Cited in 138 articles.
- Developing dendritic cell polynucleotide vaccination for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Berlyn KA, …, Malone RW J Biotechnol. 1999;73(2-3):155-79
- Models of Cationic Liposome Mediated Transfection. Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology. Ahearn A, Malone RW. Vol 4. Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology 1999;4
- Cationic lipid-mediated gene delivery to murine lung: correlation of lipid hydration with in vivo transfection activity. Bennett MJ, …, Malone RW, Nantz MH. J Med Chem. 1997;40(25):4069-78
- Considerations for the design of improved cationic amphiphile-based transfection reagents. Bennett MJ, …, Malone RW. Journal of Liposome Research 1996;6(3):545-65
- Structural and functional analysis of cationic transfection lipids: the hydrophobic domain. Balasubramaniam RP, …, Malone RW. Gene Ther. 1996;3(2):163-72. cited in 172 articles.
- A flexible approach to synthetic lipid ammonium salts for polynucleotide transfection. MJ Bennett, RW Malone, MH Nantz. Tetrahedron letters 36 (13), 2207-2210
Related
- Malone website
- Malone on Google Scholar
- Malone: Bioethics of Experimental COVID Vaccine Deployment under EUA: It’s time we stop and look at what’s going down (also as PDF)
- Inventor of mRNA vaccine: Jabs not justified for young, data for informed consent lacking
- Dr. Robert Malone, the inventor of mRNA vaccines, banned and censored by YouTube and LinkedIn after he speaks out about the risk of “experimental vaccines”
- LinkedIn deletes account of mRNA vaccines inventor for warning about risks of COVID-19 shots
- ’The Single Most Qualified’ mRNA Expert Censored After Discussing Concerns Over Vaccines
- Dr. Robert Malone, the inventor of mRNA vaccines, banned, and censored by YouTube and LinkedIn after he speaks out about the risk of “experimental vaccines” | Tech News
- LinkedIn Deletes Account of mRNA Vaccine Pioneer Who Questioned Risks of COVID-19 Shots
- Dr. Robert Malone The Inventor of mRNA Vaccine Technology: Full Conversation – Jun 19, 2021
References
- ↑ Thorsten Fuchs, To whom the award is due, HAZ, June 16, 2021, p. 2/3. After that he is 61 years old.
- ^ Robert Malone’s website , accessed June 17, 2021
- ↑ Jump up after:a b c Thorsten Fuchs, To whom the award is due, HAZ, June 16, 2021, p. 2/3
- ↑ Jump up after:a b Rein Verbeke, Ine Lentacker, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Heleen Dewitte: Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development. In: Nano Today. 28, 2019, p. 100766, doi : 10.1016 / j.nantod.2019.100766 .
- ↑ RW Malone, PL Felgner, IM Verma: Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. 86, 1989, pp. 6077-6081
- ^ JA Wolff, RW Malone, P. Williams, W. Chong, G. Acsadi, A. Jani, PL Felgner: Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo , Science, Volume 247, 1990, pp. 1465-1468
- ↑ Excerpt from the science podcast Bret Weinstein / DarkHorse from June 19, 2021 https://odysee.com/@wissenschaftestandauf:8/Malone_Bauchbinden_final_alle_logos
- ↑ Reuters Fact Check: Fact Check-COVID-19 vaccines are not ’cytotoxic’ . In: Reuters . June 18, 2021 ( reuters.com [accessed June 30, 2021]).
- ↑ District of Columbia 1100 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 1300B Washington, Dc 20036: PolitiFact – No sign that the COVID-19 vaccines’ spike protein is toxic or ’cytotoxic’. Retrieved June 30, 2021 (American English).